Category Archives: Personal Updates

Paper Published – Digital Nudging: Numeric and Semantic Priming in E-Commerce

Joint work with Alan Dennis, Linghao (Ivy) Yuan, Xuan Feng, and Christine Hsieh. Published in the Journal of Management Information Systems: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07421222.2019.1705505

Abstract: Most research on e-commerce has focused on deliberate rational cognition, yet research in psychology and marketing suggests that buying decisions may also be influenced by priming (a form of what Information Systems researchers have called digital nudging). We conducted seven experiments to investigate the impact of two types of priming (numeric priming and semantic priming) delivered through what appeared to be advertisements on an e-commerce website. We found that numeric priming had a small but significant effect on consumers’ willingness to pay when the value of the product was unclear, but had no effect when products displayed a manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP) or a fixed selling price. Semantic priming had larger effects on willingness to pay and the effects were significant but smaller in the presence of an MSRP. Thus, the combination of numeric and semantic priming has a larger impact on consumers’ willingness to pay. Taken together, these experiments show that some of the research on numeric priming and semantic priming done in offline settings generalizes to e-commerce settings, but there are important boundary conditions to their effects in e-commerce that have not been noted in offline settings. In online auctions (e.g., eBay), sellers can influence customers to pay more for products whose value is unclear by displaying products with clearly labelled high prices alongside the products the consumer searched for. However, such tactics will have only minimal effects for auctions of products whose price is known (e.g., those with an MSRP) and no effects on products with clearly listed prices (e.g., Amazon).

Paper Published – Incentive‐Compatible Prehospital Triage in Emergency Medical Services

Joint work with Alex Mills. Forthcoming in Production and Operations Management: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/poms.13036

Abstract: The Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system is designed to handle life-threatening emergencies, but a large and growing number of non-emergency patients are accessing hospital-based healthcare through EMS. A national survey estimated that 17% of ambulance trips to hospital Emergency Departments (EDs) were medically unnecessary, and that these unnecessary trips make up an increasing proportion of all EMS trips. These non-emergency patients are a controllable arrival stream that can be re-directed to an appropriate care provider, reducing congestion in EDs, reducing costs to patients and healthcare payers, and improving patient health, but prehospital triage to identify these patients is almost never implemented by EMS providers in the United States. Using a decision model, we show that prehospital triage is unlikely to occur under the current structure of fee-for-service reimbursements, regardless of how effective the triage process might be, unless low-acuity patients are unprofitable and a hospital is willing to coordinate with EMS. We demonstrate several mechanisms a payer such as Medicare could use to promote prehospital triage: reforming fee-for-service reimbursements or offering a value-based payment, such as bundled payments or shared savings contracts. Using data from a national survey and levels of triage effectiveness demonstrated in the literature, we conservatively estimate that Medicare alone could save between $3 and $70 million per year (depending on triage effectiveness) by providing incentives for prehospital triage. Between 26,500 and 628,000 non-emergency patients could be diverted to more appropriate care options, making prehospital triage a practical step to address hospital emergency department crowding.

Teaching Schedule

At UC, I will be teaching Operations Planning and Scheduling (OM4076), a methodological course, this fall and spring to undergraduates. I will teach Operations Strategy (OM5085), which is a case-based capstone course, in the spring as well. All my work is going toward getting my fall course ready and getting some research submitted, so there won’t be many posts in the near future.

Use of Smart AudioBook Player on Phone

Maria and I listen to a lot of books together, and I listen to my own books while running or walking outside. I thought it would be useful to detail the tools we use to listen.

Smart AudioBook Player is an app available for Android. I’m not sure of its Apple equivalent. This app conveniently organizes all the audiobook files you add, collapsing multiple audio files into one book seamlessly. You can have multiple books in your library, which you rotate between as needed. The total remaining time of the book is easily displayed, and there are pause, jump forward, and jump back (10sec or 1 minute) buttons. You can easily grab the book cover to display in the app from an embedded Google image search in the app. We use the full version, which costs about $2. The full version allows you to alter the playback speed, and we listen to most books on 1.2x or 1.4x. I have not altered any other settings.

To get audiobooks to load, we check out audiobooks from our library. I then burn these CD’s to my computer. The benefit of burning them (instead of just listening to the CDs) is that I can keep a library of available books to listen to that does not depend on library due dates, and I never have to return a book in the middle of reading it. The audio files are then transferred to the phone, which allows the app to add them. To be specific, I have Google Drive on both my phone and computer, so I share the files that way. Once the files are in Google Drive, I can access them and move them on my phone, so I copy them from Google Drive to my phone’s memory (“My Files” app). I have an audiobook folder that I add them to on the phone.

Each audiobook is about 0.25-1.25 GB of data. I keep about 5 books on the phone at once, though I have a backlog of 10-20 books on my computer ready to be added as we finish books. If your phone has lots of storage, you could keep many books on it.

To listen to the books, we just use my phone’s speaker when we are seated together at the kitchen table. We typically listen to books during breakfast. If we want to listen in the car, we need a louder speaker to hear over the engine. We use the UE Boom 2 bluetooth speaker, wirelessly connected to my phone. You can turn the volume up or down on the Boom with your phone’s volume switch (which I find more convenient) or the speaker’s volume switch. When I go out for walks or runs, I use bluetooth headphones or wired headphones to listen to the app.

I typically listen to two to four audiobooks at a time. The first is the one Maria and I are reading together. I also have my own audiobooks for contemplative lunchtime walks (typically something philosophical), exercise (typically something related to sports or hobbies), and/or drives to work (content could be anything, and I typically just use the CDs from the library in my car instead of using this app). Audiobooks have overtaken physical books for the thing I read the most over the last two years; perhaps 60-75% of the books I read now are audiobooks.

We used to use the hoopla and Overdrive apps, which let you quickly access audiobooks, but they tended to be “returned” before we finished with them and I would have constant issues streaming the books. By having the files on the phone, there are no streaming issues as you listen to them, and you do not need a data or wifi connection. I have not tried Audible or other fee-based options, as everything I have discussed in this post is free (besides the $2 upgrade to the full version of the Smart AudioBook Player app). Let me know if you have other suggestions of how to listen to or read more books!

The Difficulty of Buying a House with an Academic Job Offer

Here’s your academic minutiae for the week. I accepted a tenure-track job offer in February. Here are the roadblocks my wife and I encountered on the path to home ownership in our new city:

Roadblock #1. We contacted a real estate agent in March about house hunting in Cincinnati. She suggested we get pre-approved for a mortgage. We contacted multiple traditional and online lenders. No one can approve a mortgage more than 3 months out from the start date of a new job. Many won’t approve more than 2 months out. As my start date is August 15th, searching in March didn’t work.

Roadblock #2. Our real estate agent, who we had only talked with over the phone, wanted us to sign a buyer’s agreement that said we would use her on any housing purchase over the next 12 months. We hadn’t met her yet and didn’t know if we would get along with her or if she would do a good job. Such an agreement is non-standard and not necessary. We “fired” her. Later, we would find an agent without any buyer’s contract or agreement.

Roadblock #3. If you are moving to a different city, you won’t necessarily know the area or which communities to consider. Members of your new department can provide suggestions, but you’ll have to find a good fit for yourself. This may entail one or more house hunting trips. Luckily for us, Cincinnati is only ~3 hours from Bloomington, so it was a relatively short trip. However, once we started looking again in late May, it took 3 multi-day trips to finally find a house we were interested in. We had an accepted offer on June 1st, with a closing date of July 13th. If your new city is further away, you probably won’t have the luxury of multiple trips. Many people rent for the first year to give themselves time to learn the area and to house-hunt while in town.

Roadblock #4. The first lender we contacted in June would not approve any loan based on a job offer, so that was a non-starter.

Roadblock #5. The second lender we contacted (who had great rates online), was willing to approve based on a job offer. However, after multiple days, the lender came back and said that it could only approve if the job offer does not have any contingencies. My offer is contingent on a background check, a review of my academic transcripts, and a drug test. None of those will be issues, but I will not clear the contingencies until late July. As such, this lender wasn’t going to work for a July 13th closing date. We had to find a local lender who was familiar with job offers from my new university and was willing to ignore the contingencies.

Roadblock #6. We recommend putting an inspection contingency on any house offer you submit, so that you can back out of the deal if major issues show up during inspection. It’s highly recommended that buyers attend the inspections of the house they are buying. It is difficult to schedule inspections to align with your schedule, and this will often entail an extra trip to the new city. We were able to get a home inspector and chimney inspector to arrive at the same time on June 8th, one week after our accepted offer. Unfortunately for us, the inspection revealed several flaws in the house that we were unwilling to deal with. We asked for a release from the contract based on the inspection contingency.

Roadblock #7. After our contract release, it would be nearly impossible to find a new house with a closing date in July. Our lease in Bloomington ends at the end of July and there is no way to extend it. I don’t want to move our stuff into storage for any length of time. As such, we were out of options for buying a house. We will be renting next year in a single-family house that meets all the criteria of the house we were going to purchase (3+ beds, 2+ baths, garage, flat yard).

Good luck house hunting! Know that it is difficult with an academic job offer.

IU Graduation and Dissertation Defense

I graduated from Indiana University on May 4th at the Graduate Commencement Ceremony. All students who are graduating between February and August are allowed to attend, so I walked across the stage and received my Ph.D. hood despite not graduating formally until the month of June. Here are a couple pictures:

With my advisor, Owen Wu, before the ceremony:

The stage at the ceremony:

I also defended my dissertation in front of my committee on May 10th. Thanks to my committee, Owen Wu, Kyle Cattani, Gil Souza, and Kurt Bretthauer, for their help and support.

Post-defense:

Later, at The Tap, with friends from Kelley:

Book Review – The Professor Is In

The Professor Is In: The Essential Guide to Turning Your Ph.D. Into a Job
by Karen Kelsky, 2015

I strongly recommend this book to anyone who plans to be on the academic job market in the next 3-5 years. You’ll want to read it early in your academic career to understand the difference between “good lines” on your CV and less valuable ones. You’ll want to re-visit it before applying to understand how to craft excellent job documents and how to prep for interviews.

This book is well-written and very practical. It is from the perspective of a former department chair who now runs her own consulting business to fill in the information gap between what tenured academics know and what grad students don’t.

I would offer one warning to students in business fields: the book is written from the perspective of humanities majors. In those fields, you are often expected to be publishing books and your prospects for academic employment are terrible. Books are not valued in business fields like A-journal publications are. With that in mind, however, the book is still very useful. I will be sharing it with fellow IU Ph.D. students.

Heading to the University of Cincinnati This Fall

After an exhausting job search, I’m happy to announce that I will be heading to the University of Cincinnati this fall, after accepting a job as Assistant Professor in the Operations, Business Analytics, and Information Systems (OBAIS) Department of the Lindner College of Business.

UC has a great department, with strong researchers and incredible people. I look forward to contributing my research in energy operations management and behavioral operations to their research portfolio, as well as teaching classes in simulation, sports analytics, service operations, and other topics in operations management and business analytics. A new building for the business school is under construction, set to open in Fall 2019.

It’s been a busy 4+ months. My main interview conference (INFORMS) was in October this year, pushing up the job search cycle a bit. I had flyouts in November, December, and January, and chose between offers over the last couple weeks.

Here is a summary of my job search process:
-I applied to 76 schools. In retrospect, I should have been a bit more selective, but applying is free and relatively quick.
-I received 28 first-round interview invitations, one of which I did not accept due to it being too late in the process. 18 of the interviews were in-person and held at INFORMS. The rest were either by phone or Skype.
-From those 27 accepted interviews, I was invited to 8 campus fly-outs. 1 occurred in November, 3 were in December, and 4 were scheduled for January. I had to cancel the last fly-out, due to receiving attractive offers and the visit occurring too late.
-From those 7 campus visits, I received 3 job offers.
-Today, I accepted UC’s offer.

It was great to meet so many members of my field during the search process. And thanks so much to my family, friends, and co-workers who helped guide and advise me during the process.

My INFORMS 2017 Presentations

Sunday, 8:00-9:30am, SA37, Linking Delay Announcements, Abandonment, and Staffing: A Behavioral Perspective, Room 352B

Monday, 8:00-9:30am, MA04, Mind The Gap: Coordinating Energy Efficiency and Demand Response, Room 320A

Tuesday, 4:35-6:05pm, TE04, Utility Ownership of Decentralized Combined Heat and Power, Room 320A

The two energy papers of my dissertation were invited. The call center paper was scheduled for presentation with the other finalists in the in the Service Section Best Student Paper Competition.